The Designer′s Guide to Doing Research – Applying Knowledge to Inform Design

Foreword: The Necessity for Research vii
<p>Acknowledgments ix</p>
<p>Introduction: Before You Do Design Research xi</p>
<p>Research versus Insight xiii</p>
<p>The Research/Design Relationship xiv</p>
<p>Why This Book? xv</p>
<p>Why Research? xvii</p>
<p>Design as Research xviii</p>
<p>Knowing xxii</p>
<p>Thinking and Knowing xxvi</p>
<p>A Scientific Method xxix</p>
<p>Asking the Right Questions xxx</p>
<p>Chapter 1 Design Research and Its Influence on the Practice of Design 1</p>
<p>Generalizing Design Thinking 1</p>
<p>Design Research as a Means for Attraction and Retention 3</p>
<p>Design Research as a Means for Social Reform 3</p>
<p>Design Research as a Response to the Need for Design Speed 3</p>
<p>Design Research to Build a Sustainable Knowledge Base 4</p>
<p>Design Research to Gain Understanding of Cultural Distinctions 5</p>
<p>Design Research as a Source of Value 6</p>
<p>Core Concepts 6</p>
<p>Endnotes 7</p>
<p>A Story of Practice: Making the Implicit Explicit 8</p>
<p>Chapter 2 Researching: Context, Process, General Concepts 19</p>
<p>Economic Context of Design and Research 19</p>
<p>Design Process 22</p>
<p>Research Process 23</p>
<p> Good Research 25</p>
<p>Owning the Information 29</p>
<p>Planning and Organizing a Project–Specific Comprehensive Research Plan 30</p>
<p>Overview of Types of Research 32</p>
<p>Differences in Types of Research: Applied or Theoretical 33</p>
<p>Comparing Research Tools 34</p>
<p>Merits of Using Several Different Research Tools to Answer Any Research Question 40</p>
<p>Core Concepts 40</p>
<p>Endnotes 42</p>
<p>Chapter 3 What to Learn 43</p>
<p>Informing Design–Related Change 43</p>
<p>Design–Project–Based Information Gathering 46</p>
<p>Social–Science–Based Information Needs 51</p>
<p>Core Concepts 77</p>
<p>Endnotes 78</p>
<p>Chapter 4 The Goals of Project Initiation 81</p>
<p>Research for Competitive Advantage 81</p>
<p>Secondary Information 84</p>
<p>Peer–Reviewed Studies 87</p>
<p>Literature Reviews 88</p>
<p>Within–Firm Archival Research 100</p>
<p>Experience Sampling Method 100</p>
<p>Design Charettes 109</p>
<p>Endnotes 113</p>
<p>A Story of Practice: A Research–Based Marketing Strategy 114</p>
<p>Chapter 5 The Goals of Investigation 125</p>
<p>Research as a Process of Discovering a Client s Needs 125</p>
<p>Interviews 127</p>
<p>Cognitive Mapping 142</p>
<p>Repertory Grid 144</p>
<p>Annotated Plans 147</p>
<p>Content Analysis Verbal Material 148</p>
<p>Content Analysis Visual 152</p>
<p>Surveys 156</p>
<p>Public Parks Survey 173</p>
<p>Endnotes 176</p>
<p>A Story of Practice: It Starts with Programming 177</p>
<p>Chapter 6 The Goals of Integration in Schematic Design 189</p>
<p>How Research Informs the Schematic Design Process 189</p>
<p>Research Shapes Refining the Design Strategy 191</p>
<p>Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 193</p>
<p>Behavior Mapping 196</p>
<p>Observation 199</p>
<p>Space Syntax 217</p>
<p>Social Network Analysis 218</p>
<p>Discussion Groups 218</p>
<p>Space Simulation 228</p>
<p>Experiments 232</p>
<p>A Story of Practice: Schematic Design 236</p>
<p>A Story of Practice: Design Development 244</p>
<p>Endnotes 266</p>
<p>Chapter 7 The Goals of Implementation 255</p>
<p>How Research Informs the Post–Occupancy Evaluation (POE) 255</p>
<p>Post–Occupancy Evaluations 257</p>
<p>Case Studies 262</p>
<p>A Story of Practice: Post–Occupancy Evaluation 267</p>
<p>Endnotes 290</p>
<p>Chapter 8 How to Maintain and Access Research Findings 283</p>
<p>Raw Resources 285</p>
<p>Organizational System 287</p>
<p>Additional Considerations 288</p>
<p>Core Concepts 289</p>
<p>Endnote 292</p>
<p>Conclusion: Doing Design Research 291</p>
<p>Additional Sources of Information for Design Researchers 293</p>
<p>Index 295</p>