Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations

<h2>Table of Contents</h2> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Preface</li> </ul> <ol> <li><strong>Communication and Nonverbal Behavior</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Myths about Nonverbal Communication</strong></li> <li><strong>Nonverbal versus Verbal Messages</strong></li> <li>The Linguistic Distinction</li> <li>The Continuity Distinction</li> <li>The Processing Distinction</li> <li>The Outcome Distinction</li> <li>The Absolute Distinction</li> <li><strong>Intentionality and Nonverbal Communication</strong></li> <li><strong>Culture and Nonverbal Communication</strong></li> <li><strong>Functions of Nonverbal Messages</strong></li> <li>Complementing</li> <li>Contradicting</li> <li>Accenting</li> <li>Repeating</li> <li>Regulating</li> <li>Substituting</li> <li><strong>Categories of Nonverbal Messages</strong></li> <li>Physical Appearance</li> <li>Gesture and Movement</li> <li>Face and Eye Behavior</li> <li>Vocal Behavior</li> <li>Space</li> <li>Touch</li> <li>Environment</li> <li>Time</li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Physical Appearance</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Attractiveness</strong></li> <li>Types of Attractiveness</li> <li>What Is Attractive Today May Be Out Tomorrow</li> <li>Image Fixation</li> <li>Judgments Generated</li> <li>Attractiveness: A Double-Edged Sword?</li> <li>Effects of Attractiveness</li> <li><strong>Personal Body Concept</strong></li> <li><strong>Nonverbal Messages of Body Shape and Size</strong></li> <li>Nonverbal Messages of Height, Weight, and Skin Color</li> <li>Nonverbal Messages of Hair</li> <li><strong>Appearance and Dress</strong></li> <li>Why Do People Dress the Way They Do?</li> <li>Generalizations about Dress</li> <li><strong>Artifacts and Accessories</strong></li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Gesture and Movement</strong> <ul> <li><strong>A Theoretical Look at Gesture and Movement</strong></li> <li>Structural Approach to Kinesics</li> <li>External Variable Approach to Kinesics</li> <li><strong>Types of Gesture and Movement</strong></li> <li>Emblems</li> <li>Illustrators</li> <li>Regulators</li> <li>Affect Displays</li> <li>Adaptors</li> <li><strong>Deception cues</strong></li> <li><strong>Posture</strong></li> <li>How Does Posture Communicate?</li> <li>Communicative Potential of Posture</li> <li><strong>Movement and COMMUNICATOR STYLE</strong></li> <li>The Dramatic Style</li> <li>The Dominant Style</li> <li>The Animated Style</li> <li>The Relaxed Style</li> <li>The Attentive Style</li> <li>The Open Style</li> <li>The Friendly Style</li> <li>The Contentious Style</li> <li>The Impression-Leaving Style</li> <li><strong>General Communicator Styles</strong></li> <li><strong>Effects of Body Movements and Gestures</strong></li> <li>Communicator Style</li> <li>Simplifying Encoding and Decoding</li> <li>Role of Illustrators in Decoding</li> <li>Positive and Negative Perceptions</li> <li>Research on Immediacy</li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Facial Behavior</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Importance of Facial Expressions</strong></li> <li><strong>Perspectives on Acquisition and Development</strong></li> <li>Perspective 1: Evolution and Natural Selection</li> <li>Perspective 2: External Factors</li> <li>Perspective 3: Innate and Learned</li> <li><strong>Facial Management and Expression of Emotion</strong></li> <li>Styles of Facial Expressions</li> <li><strong>Primary Affect Displays and Communication</strong></li> <li><strong>Variations of Facial Expressions</strong></li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Eye Behavior</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Properties and Functions of Eye Behavior</strong></li> <li>Properties of Eye Behavior</li> <li>Functions of Eye Behavior</li> <li><strong>Types of Eye Behaviors</strong></li> <li>CLEMs</li> <li><strong>Eye Behavior and Individual Differences</strong></li> <li>Nature of Relationships</li> <li>Cultural Differences</li> <li>Contextual Differences</li> <li>Personality Differences</li> <li>Gender Differences</li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Vocal Behavior</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Categories of Vocal Behavior</strong></li> <li>Voice Set</li> <li>Voice Qualities and Vocalizations</li> <li>Voice Printing</li> <li>Silence and Pauses</li> <li>Uses of Silence in Communication</li> <li><strong>Vocal Behavior and Turn-Interaction Management</strong></li> <li>Turn-Maintaining</li> <li>Turn-Yielding</li> <li>Turn-Requesting</li> <li>Turn-Denying</li> <li>Interruptions</li> <li>Accent and Dialect</li> <li><strong>Effects of Vocal Behavior</strong></li> <li>Vocal Behavior and Emotions</li> <li>Vocal Behavior and Personality</li> <li>Vocal Behavior and Learning</li> <li>Vocal Behavior and Persuasion</li> <li>Vocal Behavior and Attractiveness</li> <li>Vocal Behavior and Confidence</li> <li>Vocal Characteristics of Good Delivery</li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Space and Territoriality</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Phenomenon of Territoriality</strong></li> <li>Categories of Territory</li> <li>Territorial Defense and Encroachment</li> <li>Types of Negative Encroachment</li> <li>Encroachment Reactions</li> <li>Factors Influencing Territorial Defense</li> <li><strong>Personal Space</strong></li> <li>Interpersonal Distance</li> <li>Gender Differences</li> <li>Cultural Differences</li> <li>Age Differences</li> <li>Personality Differences</li> <li>Stigmas</li> <li>Psychiatric and Deviant Groups</li> <li><strong>Crowding and Density</strong></li> <li>The Impact of High Density</li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Touch and Communication</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Life-Span Development and Touch</strong></li> <li>Touch in Animals</li> <li>Human Development</li> <li><strong>Categories of Touch</strong></li> <li>Professional-Functional Touch</li> <li>Social-Polite Touch</li> <li>Friendship-Warmth Touch</li> <li>Love-Intimacy Touch</li> <li>Sexual-Arousal Touch</li> <li><strong>Touch Norms and Communication</strong></li> <li>Cultural Differences</li> <li>Gender Differences</li> <li>Touch Apprehension</li> <li><strong>What Does Touch Communicate?</strong></li> <li>Touch and Emotion</li> <li>Touch and Status</li> <li>Touch and Self-Intimacy</li> <li><strong>Effects of Touch Deprivation</strong></li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Environment and Physical Surroundings</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Perceptual Characteristics of Environment</strong></li> <li>Perception of Formality</li> <li>Perception of Warmth</li> <li>Perception of Privacy</li> <li>Perception of Familiarity</li> <li>Perception of Constraint</li> <li>Perception of Distance</li> <li><strong>Architecture and Environment</strong></li> <li><strong>Spatial Arrangement</strong></li> <li>The Shapes of Tables</li> <li>Seating Arrangement</li> <li><strong>Arrangement of Office Space</strong></li> <li><strong>Other Environmental Factors</strong></li> <li>Environmental Attractiveness</li> <li>Color in the Environment</li> <li>Lighting in the Environment</li> <li>Temperature and the Environment</li> <li>Scent and Smell</li> <li><strong>Importance of Scents</strong></li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Time</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Time Orientations</strong></li> <li>Psychological Time Orientation</li> <li>Biological Time Orientation</li> <li>Cultural Time Orientation</li> <li>Punctuality</li> <li>Monochronic and Polychronic Time</li> <li><strong>Effects of the Use of Time</strong></li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Immediacy and Communication</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Immediacy</strong></li> <li>Verbal Immediacy</li> <li>Nonverbal Behaviors</li> <li><strong>Nonverbal Immediacy</strong></li> <li>Physical Appearance</li> <li>Gesture and Body Movements</li> <li>Facial Expression and Eye Behavior</li> <li>Vocal Behavior</li> <li>Spatial Behavior</li> <li>Tactile Behavior</li> <li>Environmental Factors</li> <li>Scent and Smell</li> <li>Temporal Factors</li> <li><strong>Outcomes of Immediacy</strong></li> <li>Increased Liking, Affiliation, and Affect</li> <li>More Approachable Communication Style</li> <li>More Responsiveness, Understanding, and Assertiveness</li> <li>Increased Solidarity between Participants</li> <li>Decreased Anxiety</li> <li>Decreased Status Differences</li> <li>Increased Perceptions of Communication Competence</li> <li><strong>Drawbacks of Immediacy</strong></li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Female-Male Nonverbal Communication</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Definition Issues: Sex and Gender</strong></li> <li><strong>Development of Nonverbal Behavior in Females and Males</strong></li> <li><strong>Distinctive and Similar Characteristics: The Dilemma</strong></li> <li>Appearance and Attractiveness</li> <li>Gesture and Movement</li> <li>Face and Eye Behavior</li> <li>Vocal Behavior</li> <li>Space</li> <li>Touch</li> <li><strong>Liking and Courtship of the American Female and Male</strong></li> <li>Avoiding Problems</li> <li>Nonverbal Sensitivity</li> <li><strong>Advantages of Immediacy</strong></li> <li><strong>Disadvantages of Immediacy</strong></li> <li><strong>The Androgynous Person</strong></li> <li><strong>Glossary of Terminology</strong></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Supervisor and Employee Relationships</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Distinctive Characteristics</strong></li> <li><strong>Role of Nonverbal Messages</strong></li> <li>Physical Appearance</li> <li>Gesture and Movement</li> <li>Face and Eye Behavior</li> <li>Vocal Behavior</li> <li>Space</li> <li>Touch</li> <li>Environment</li> <li>Time</li> <li><strong>Conclusions about Supervisor-Employee Relationships</strong></li> <li><strong>Immediacy in the Workplace</strong></li> <li>Advantages of Immediacy</li> <li>Disadvantages of Immediacy</li> </ul></li> </ol> <h4>Glossary</h4> <p></p>