Nitrogen-fixing Actinorhizal Symbioses

<P>Preface to the Series, Preface, List of Contributors, Dedication.<BR><STRONG>1. Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants: A Historical Perspective:</STRONG> <EM>C. T. Wheeler, A. D. L. Akkermans, and A. M. Berry<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. The Early Years<BR>3. Two Decades to the New Millennium<BR>4. Perspectives<BR>References</P>
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<P><STRONG>2. Polyphasic Taxonomy of the Genus Frankia:</STRONG> <EM>D. Hahn<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. Polyphasic Taxonomy Approach<BR>3. 16S-rRNA Sequence Data<BR>4. DNA-DNA Relatedness<BR>5. 23S-rRNA Sequence Data<BR>6. Genomic Fingerprinting<BR>7. Conclusions<BR>References</P>
<P><STRONG>3. Frankia Ecology:</STRONG> <EM>M. Valdés<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. Frankia as a Soil Microorganism<BR>3. Abiotic Soil Factors and Frankia Populations<BR>4. Biotic Soil Factors: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Frankia<BR>5. Conclusions References </P>
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<P><STRONG>4. Evolution of Actinorhizal Host Plants and Frankia Endosymbionts:</STRONG> <EM>S. M. Swensen and D. R. Benson<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. Host-Plant Systematics and Phylogeny<BR>3. Frankia Phylogeny and Evolution<BR>4. Host-Frankia Interactions and Evolution<BR>5. Future Directions<BR>References </P>
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<P><STRONG>5. Oxygen Responses, Hemoglobin, and the Structure and Function of Vesicles:</STRONG> <EM>W. B. Silvester, R. H. Berg, C.R. Schwintzer and J. D. Tjepkema<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. Vesicle Structure and Oxygen Responses of Frankia in vitro <BR>3. Responses in Symbiosis <BR>4. Hemoglobins in Actinorhizal Nodules and Frankia<BR>5. Concluding Discussion<BR>References </P>
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<P><STRONG>6. Early Interactions, Infection and Nodulation in Actinorhizal Symbiosis:</STRONG> <EM>L. G. Wall and A. M. Berry<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. Early Interactions<BR>3. Rhizosphere Colonization<BR>4. Root Infection by Frankia<BR>5. Nodule Development<BR>6. Regulation of Nodulation<BR>References </P>
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<P><STRONG>7. Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Actinorhizal Nodules:</STRONG> <EM>C. Valverde and K. Huss-Danell<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. The Actinorhizal Nodule<BR>3. Studying C and N Metabolism of Nodules<BR>4. Carbon Supply to Nodules<BR>5. Carbon Uptake and Metabolism by Symbiotic Frankia<BR>6. Nitrogen Metabolism<BR>7. The Regulation of N Assimilation<BR>8. ProspectsReferences</P>
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<P><STRONG>8. Ecology of Actinorhizal Plants:</STRONG> <EM>J. O. Dawson<BR></EM>1. Importance of Actinorhizal Plants<BR>2. Occurrence and Distribution of Actinorhizal Plant Taxa and their microsymbionts<BR>3. Ecological Factors Influencing Infective Frankia Populations<BR>4. Ecological of Actinorhizal Plants<BR>References</P>
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<P><STRONG>9. Molecular Biology of Actinorhizal Symbioses:</STRONG> <EM>L. Laplaze, S. Svistoonoff, C. Santi, F, Auguy, C. Franche and D. Bogusz<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. Infection Process<BR>3. Nodule Development<BR>4. Nodule Functioning<BR>5. Evolutionary Origin of Symbiotic Genes<BR>6. Future Trends<BR>7. Conclusions<BR>References</P>
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<P><STRONG>10. Comparison between Actinorhizal and Legume Symbiosis:</STRONG> <EM>K. Pawlowski and J. I. Sprent<BR></EM>1. Introduction<BR>2. Nodule Structure<BR>3. Nodule-Induction Mechanisms<BR>4. Host Specificity<BR>5. Root Nodules and Other Root Symbioses<BR>6. Evolution of Root-Nodule Symbioses<BR>References</P>
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<P><STRONG>11. Prospects for the Study of a Ubiquitous Actinomycete, Frankia, and Its Host Plants:</STRONG> <EM>P. Normand and B. C. Mullin</EM><BR>1. Introduction<BR>2. Development and Use of Molecular Tools for Genetic Analysis of Symbiosis<BR>3. Prospects for Future Utilization of Actinorhizal Plants<BR>4. Questions Still to be Addressed<BR>5. Prospects for Extending Symbioses beyond Current Host Range<BR>6. Conclusions<BR>References </P>
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<P>Subject Index </P>